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da qua
http://dbem.ws/FeelingFuture.pdf
Feeling the Future: Experimental Evidence for
Anomalous Retroactive Influences on Cognition and Affect
Daryl J. Bem
Cornell University.
The term psi denotes anomalous processes of information or energy transfer that are
currently unexplained in terms of known physical or biological mechanisms. Two
variants of psi are precognition (conscious cognitive awareness) and premonition
(affective apprehension) of a future event that could not otherwise be anticipated
through any known inferential process. Precognition and premonition are themselves
special cases of a more general phenomenon: the anomalous retroactive influence of
some future event on an individual’s current responses, whether those responses are
conscious or nonconscious, cognitive or affective. This article reports 9 experiments,
involving more than 1,000 participants, that test for retroactive influence by “time-
reversing” well-established psychological effects so that the individual’s responses are
obtained before the putatively causal stimulus events occur. Data are presented for 4
time-reversed effects: precognitive approach to erotic stimuli and precognitive
avoidance of negative stimuli; retroactive priming; retroactive habituation; and
retroactive facilitation of recall. All but one of the experiments yielded statistically
significant results; and, across all 9 experiments, Stouffer’s z = 6.66, p = 1.34 × 10-11
with a mean effect size (d) of 0.22. The individual-difference variable of stimulus
seeking, a component of extraversion, was significantly correlated with psi
performance in 5 of the experiments, with participants who scored above the midpoint
on a scale of stimulus seeking achieving a mean effect size of 0.43. Skepticism about
psi, issues of replication, and theories of psi are also discussed.
qua followup vari
http://www.nature.com/news/replication-studies-bad...
e
http://www.thepsychologist.org.uk/archive/archive_...
http://dbem.ws/FeelingFuture.pdf
Feeling the Future: Experimental Evidence for
Anomalous Retroactive Influences on Cognition and Affect
Daryl J. Bem
Cornell University.
The term psi denotes anomalous processes of information or energy transfer that are
currently unexplained in terms of known physical or biological mechanisms. Two
variants of psi are precognition (conscious cognitive awareness) and premonition
(affective apprehension) of a future event that could not otherwise be anticipated
through any known inferential process. Precognition and premonition are themselves
special cases of a more general phenomenon: the anomalous retroactive influence of
some future event on an individual’s current responses, whether those responses are
conscious or nonconscious, cognitive or affective. This article reports 9 experiments,
involving more than 1,000 participants, that test for retroactive influence by “time-
reversing” well-established psychological effects so that the individual’s responses are
obtained before the putatively causal stimulus events occur. Data are presented for 4
time-reversed effects: precognitive approach to erotic stimuli and precognitive
avoidance of negative stimuli; retroactive priming; retroactive habituation; and
retroactive facilitation of recall. All but one of the experiments yielded statistically
significant results; and, across all 9 experiments, Stouffer’s z = 6.66, p = 1.34 × 10-11
with a mean effect size (d) of 0.22. The individual-difference variable of stimulus
seeking, a component of extraversion, was significantly correlated with psi
performance in 5 of the experiments, with participants who scored above the midpoint
on a scale of stimulus seeking achieving a mean effect size of 0.43. Skepticism about
psi, issues of replication, and theories of psi are also discussed.
qua followup vari
http://www.nature.com/news/replication-studies-bad...
e
http://www.thepsychologist.org.uk/archive/archive_...
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■ @ 2012-05-17 23:26:46.0 di Non Autenticato
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■ @ 2012-05-18 02:47:01.0 di dada216
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■ @ 2012-05-17 23:37:27.0 di Non Autenticato
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